A Study On Cheikh Anata Diop - 956 Words

Cheikh Anata Diop was born in Caytou, to a Muslim Wolof family in 1923. After earning his doctorate degree in Paris, he returned to Senegal and started the first carbon dating laboratory at Dakar s Institute of African Studies. Dr. Diop contributed to the scientific understanding of African history by refuting flawed euro-centric ideas on the origins of Egyptian civilization. Throughout his work, the main themes of Dr. Diop s work was that Egypt was the center of a vast network linking Africa s main cultures and languages and that it was the product of cultural influences from the African heartland. Therefore, the originators of classical Egyptian civilization were not Mediterranean whites nor Asiatic invaders as euro-centric scholars claim, but black-skinned, indigenous Africans. Secondly, Greek civilization and by extension western civilization derived many of its practices and ideas from Egyptian culture. While studying for his doctorate at the Sorbonne, Cheikh Anta Diop s ideas encountered resistance from the prejudiced French establishment. His first doctoral thesis was rejected by his professors on the grounds that it was â€Å"unfounded.† He later managed to publish his dissertation in 1954. Even though his work earned him international recognition, it took another ten years before he was granted his doctorate degree. According to Sertima, Diop s doctoral thesis had initially been rejected because it ran counter to what had been taught in Europe for two centuries

A Look Into White Supremacy And Privilege - 1219 Words

A Look Into: White Supremacy and Privilege Denali Meshew N. George Soc321 July 22, 2015 White supremacy is when a person believes that because they are white, that they have supremacy over someone else. This is the standard phrase explaining what white supremacy is and has dominated the mentality of our country for decades. It has been prevalent all over the US. The only difference is that in the south, it seems to have been more amplified than in the north. When we think of white supremacy, we usually think of it as something of the past due to the fact that in our elementary, middle schools, and high schools; we are taught that it existed when slavery was still alive and well in the United States and during the days of Martin Luther King and the freedom rides. We learned about stories like, How to Kill a Mockingbird, Esperanza Rising, and Journey to Topaz. They were all about how young girls saw white supremacy during their time. The main character, Scout, from To Kill a Mockingbird, although she is from a white family, she sees it first hand during the early 1930â €™s. Esperanza, is a latina immigrant girl trying to make end’s meet in California with her mother during the Great Depression in Esperanza Rising. Then there is Yuki, a japanese american girl who experiences life in the U.S. internment camps during World War 2 in Journey to Topaz. We all learn about the past through the reading and retelling of all these wonderful stories and by rememberingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of White Privilege : Unpacking The Invisible Backpack949 Words   |  4 Pagestheir privileges somehow. Imagine if everyone carried a knapsack. This knapsack carries all of our privileges, whether it is our gender, religion, or even simply our ability to breathe without an oxygen tank. 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Though it is practiced in every day life (whether it’s subtle or not), the majority views it as â€Å"absurd† and â€Å"non-existent†. It is a taboo that creates feelings of guilt, hostility and anger, but it must be addressed and understood in order to be eradicated. It is necessary for white people to acknowledge their part in maintaining and benefiting from a society that has thrived on racial hierarchy and white supremacy for centuries. WhiteRead MoreAmericas Society in Deborah Tannens book, The Argument Culture1228 Words   |  5 PagesDeborah Tannens book, The Argument Culture, is a compelling piece that looks at the perceived argument culture that is permeating the United States and the West in general. I do agree with what Ms. Tannen is saying, that there is a form of argument culture, but I think it could be argued that there is a contrasting part of American society called a nice culture as well. On the one hand, you have people who will argue about topics whenever the opportunity arises, but on the other hand you have

Strategic Management And Linear Model †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management And Linear Model. Answer: Introduction The fact is known to all that companies in the global world who wants to achieve success and gain the competitive edge need to initiate strategic management. Strategic management refers to activities held in an organization which initiates their growth and fulfills the objective of the organization. It is basically the formulation of different plans in an organization so that to provide profit to the organization. But it shall also be noted that in an organization thestrategic management activities shall be held in such a way that it assists the stakeholder's interest or increase it (Kramar 2014). The organization shall always look after their interest and aim to provide the maximum benefits. Further, the linear model in strategic management refers to the planning process developed by the company so as to assist the working of organization gain benefit out of the business activities. The linear model helps the organization to implement strategies by planning process; they plan activities which shall be done in a way that it provides an advantage to the company along with the stakeholder. But in strategic management, the linear approach many times fails to fulfill the requirements of the organization and its members. So to resolve that issue there are many other approaches defined to assist the working of the organization in the global market (Armstrong, and Taylor 2014). The company shall always to look after all the approaches and then select the approach which adequately fits the management of the organization. The report further provides a detailed view of some approaches to strategicmanagement and how they are utilized by different business process. Additionally, the benefits and drawbacks of implementation of these processes are discussed in the report. Strategic Approaches with example As discussed above, strategic management is the process in which the management activities are conducted in a business. The efficiency of a business in the market depends upon the efficiency of its internal management system only. Thus, the companies shall adopt definite management approach which positively affects the organization (Stark 2015). Some of these approaches are discussed below: Stakeholder Approach Stakeholders are the people who are affected by the activities of a business process. It is not mandatory that a stakeholder needs to be connected with the business in financial terms only; a person who is connected with the non-financial activities of the business is also regarded as the stakeholder of the company. Some of the stakeholders of an organization are suppliers, consumers, customers, community, government etc. (Galliers, and Leidner 2014). The stakeholder approach states that the managers of an organization shall implement and formulate actions and plans which shall satisfy the expectations of the customers; it also states that in order to gain long-term success it is mandatory for the company to fulfill the requirements of the customers. As per the amount of participation of different groups in the activities of organization, company can also make profit in the imperfect market. This process actively emphasizes the business environment, relationships, and promotions of s hared interest (Hill, Jones, and Schilling 2014). The dominant part of the stakeholder approach is that the business entity needs to focus on the satisfaction of shareholder more than profit rising. The management process under this approach shall be designed in such a way that it benefits the interest of shareholders. It can initiate reinforce values in the management process and initiate creation of competitive edge. The approach is planned and executed in the management while considering various factors which are defined according to the interest of stakeholders (Wheelen, and Hunger 2017). With this effect, it can be seen that there is an interdependent relationship between organization's managerial activities and the objective of stakeholders. The stakeholder approaches also develop and increases the powers of stakeholder to rule the management of the organization. Hence, the process ultimately results in generation of more profits to satisfy the requirements of the stakeholder in a better way. Further, the stakeholder theory is better understood with the business management if they take care of the interest of the stakeholders. The process through which the interest of stakeholder can be managed is by communicating the recent business changes or other information with them. Consult with them regarding some problems occurring in the business environment (Al Ariss, Cascio, and Paauwe 2014). Apart from this, the company shall adapt to manage the stakeholder risk, also the stakeholders of the organization can also be regarded as the risk as they have the authority to make changes in the organization and these change may affect the business activity in a positive or negative way. Along with this they also come with an opportunity, thus the management shall make sure that they minimize the risk and optimally make use of the opportunity provided by stakeholders of an organization (Mok, Shen, and Yang 2015). Stakeholder Approach example Looking at one of the companies who uses the stakeholder approach and earns optimum return for the organization is the coca cola company. The company competently uses the stakeholder approach and implements the business sustainability in their organizational culture. The company efficiently aims to initiate various business management processes keeping in mind the interest of their stakeholders. The main purpose of initiation of these processes is to provide maximum benefits to members and drive maximum satisfaction for them. This will initiate proper growth of the organization. As discussed earlier the company believes that if they maximize satisfaction level of customers and stakeholders then profit is automatically maximized (Berrone, Cruz, and Gmez-Meja 2014). Dynamic Capabilities Approach Dynamic capabilities refer to the abilities of an organization to perform better with efficient use of their available resources. According to this approach, the company shall plan and implement strategies in such a way that they obtain maximum use of the resources available to them and drive incentives for the organization. In this way, adequate growth for the organization is achieved. In accordance with this approach, the company shall involve in activities which excessively use the natural resources, instead the management of the organization shall ensure that adequate use of resources is made; as with maximum utilization the environment will get affected adversely and natural resources will get depleted. This concept helps the organization to know about their capabilities on the basis of which they can work and put their effort in the management (De Brucker, Macharis, and Verbeke 2013). The resources of an organization include natural and well as artificial resources. Human resource is the most important asset of an organization which helps them to gain competence in the market. Use of dynamic capabilities approach will help an organization to develop an understanding of their abilities and resources which they are under or over utilizing. Thus, this process will help an organization to optimally use the resources present with them and achieve success. The dynam ic capabilities approach includes their abilities, involvement of which will help the organization to achieve their targets in the target market. These are: The ability of the employees of the organization to learn and adopt changes in the fluctuating external environments. Adoption and involvement of new assets in the organization's working. And the process of adoption of methods to transform the used or waste resources in such a way that benefit is achieved (Doh, and Quigley 2014). Further, some of the stages of the dynamic capabilities approach are discussed below: Learning: learning is the initial and the basic phase of this approach. It involves that the human resources of the organization shall initiate to change their current routine and schedule in such a way that it assists the organization in achieving the objective. The management shall ensure that adequate activities in the business process are carried out that ensure proper communication and learning in organization. If the communication process of the organization is efficient, then it can act as an advantage for the organization as with this the employees can learn and adapt new changes easily (Verbeke, and Tung, 2013). New assets: it refers to the techniques and the degree of understanding that the management shall have to adopt new assets in the organization. They shall be efficient enough to manage the use of new and innovative technology. Transformation of available resources: all organizations have resources which are used less or are wasted in its use. Thus, the dynamic approach of strategic management states that the organization ensures that such resources are adequately used and managed in the business process (Harrison, Freeman and de Abreu 2015). Co specialization: regular use of single type of technology or resources helps the organization to gain excellence in that work. Thus, due to the process of dynamic capabilities and organization becomes efficient to initiate a single type of work and gain success. This process is called co specialization, which is by making use of resources becoming efficient and gaining advantage for business. Dynamic Capabilities example Apple is the company which utilizes the dynamic capabilities approach in their management process and initiates efficiency and competence in the local market. The company is not a technological innovator but it is a good marketer. The company efficient analyzed their resources and things they are good at, after that, they utilized their resources and efficiency in a direction so that the organization objective is achieved. They adequately placed their product in the target market and efficiently promoted the product which gained everybody's attention and sale was initiated. Thus in this was the company utilized the dynamic capabilities approach to become a leader in the electronics industry (Villar, Alegre, and Pla-Barber 2014). Sustainability Approach Sustainability refers to the process of using things in such a way that they are utilized adequately and saved for the future generation as well. Sustainable approach refers to the approach of business management that helps an organization to use the available resources and technology efficiently in such a way that they are used properly. If the process of sustainable develops in occurred in an organization then it can be said that the organization can easily live with the available resources for an adequate period of time and they do not need to spend more to optimize resources. All organization in the current era shall understand the need of resources and utilize them wisely so that they are left for the future generation as well (Helfat, and Peteraf 2015). The sustainable approach also states that the activities of a business shall not negatively affect the environment and society in which they are prevailing. All organizations shall aim to fulfill their corporate social responsibilities. Some of the activities which the business shall use are, use less electricity and water, emit less carbon and initiate to plant more and more trees. In this way, cleaner environment will sustain (Di Stefano, Peteraf, and Verona 2014). The managers of the organization shall understand the need of the sustainable development in business context and execute those activities only which positively affect the business growth. The organization which emits more carbon particles in the environment shall take initiative to somehow survive in cleaner environment. Thus, the sustainable management refers to the process of doing business in the market in such a way that it does not hamper the growth of the business and instead assists the society in fulfilling thei r social responsibility (Schilke 2014). Industrial functioning shall be changed and new rules shall be applied in the organization which improves its growth. The manager of an organization who is concerned with the different activities happening in the organization, they shall ensure that the employee working under the organization and executing activities in such a way that they are not disturbing the nature and also they are complying to the organization's mission and vision statement as well (Carmenado, et. al., 2016). Sustainability Approach example It shall be noted that the company famous for providing pure coffee beans uses the sustainability approach in their business context to help the nature and earn good profit from it as well. The company came into alliance with the supplier and communities present in the external environment to provide premium quality coffee beans in the market (Youngran, et. al., 2017). Looking at this proposal in the market the stakeholders initiated to invest in the plan of the organization. Thus, due to which the company earned profit and in return they provide organic quality products in the market as well. Keeping the interest of stakeholders aligned with the activities of the organization the company Starbucks initiated this activity so that a win-win situation for both company and stakeholder is created. Thus in this way, the stakeholders approach is used in organizations. Advantages and disadvantages of different approaches The advantage to stakeholder approach is that the organization provides an opportunity to the stakeholders of the organization to use their powers and speak for their rights. It gives them the power to utilize the rights and initiate activities which are best for the business process. Whereas disadvantage of this activity is that, more power given to the stakeholders of the organization can result in hindrance in the managerial activities of the organization. The stakeholder can interrupt in the activities proceeded by the board in the organization. More autonomy to stakeholders can act as a risk for the organization (Neubert, and Dyck 2016). The advantage to dynamic capabilities approach is that it helps the organization to understand the essence of resources available, and it also initiates the proper use of resources so that they are left for the future generation. Whereas drawback of this approach is that if an organization is unable to understand this concept then they might overuse the resources which can create a bad impact on the environment and society. The sustainable approach helps an organization to work efficiently so that their growth is sustained in the market. Whereas disadvantage of this approach is that it distracts the organization from doing its core business activities which are harmful to the growth of the organization in the market (Armstrong, and Taylor 2014). Conclusion Thus, concluding the above statements the fact that shall be noted is that the strategic management activities are necessary for an organization to work efficiently in the growing competitive market. Also, the linear standard approach applied in the organizations much time fits in the process, but there are some drawbacks to that approach as well. Thus, other approaches like stakeholder, dynamic capabilities, and sustainability approach help an organization to run peacefully and gain profit. Further, in the report, the activities of companies which use these approaches were also noticed. Thus, these sufficiently fulfill the requirement of an organization and its stakeholders as well. The analysis says that the business shall work to maximize the satisfaction of stakeholder considering the corporate social responsibility but many times the approaches lack behind as well. Thus, the management strategies shall be used wisely to provide benefits to the organization and nature on harm. Recommendation Further, considering the above analysis it shall be recommended that an organization shall only apply those strategies which best fit the organization's culture and its activities. They shall not compete with any company and imitate its business process; instead, the company shall analyze its management and then formulate action plans which assist the activists of the business process. Also, the main purpose of an organization is to earn profit, but they not earn profit with and wrongly means or by defrauding the customers. The company shall initiate activities which implement a sustainable growth for the organization. Sustainability shall be the major goal of the organization, and then only they will survive in the tough market conditions and gain good returns and competitive advantage as well. References Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions. Journal of World Business, 49(2), pp.173-179. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Berrone, P., Cruz, C. and Gmez-Meja, L.R., 2014. Family-controlled firms and stakeholder management: A socioemotional wealth preservation perspective. The Sage handbook of family business, pp.179-195. Carmenado, I.D.L.R., Hernandez, H.B., Mendez, M.R. and Ferrer, C.G., 2016. Managing for the Sustained Success of Organic Food Associations: A Sustainable Management Approach. Food Science, Production, and Engineering in Contemporary Economies, p.25. De Brucker, K., Macharis, C. and Verbeke, A., 2013. Multi-criteria analysis and the resolution of sustainable development dilemmas: A stakeholder management approach. European journal of operational research, 224(1), pp.122-131. Di Stefano, G., Peteraf, M. and Verona, G., 2014. The organizational drivetrain: A road to integration of dynamic capabilities research. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(4), pp.307-327. Doh, J.P. and Quigley, N.R., 2014. Responsible leadership and stakeholder management: Influence pathways and organizational outcomes. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(3), pp.255-274. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014. Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Harrison, J.S., Freeman, R.E. and de Abreu, M.C.S., 2015. Stakeholder theory as an ethical approach to effective management: Applying the theory to multiple contexts. Revista Brasileira de Gesto de Negcios, 17(55), p.858. Helfat, C.E. and Peteraf, M.A., 2015. Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), pp.831-850. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014. Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Kramar, R., 2014. Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), pp.1069-1089. Mok, K.Y., Shen, G.Q. and Yang, J., 2015. Stakeholder management studies in mega construction projects: A review and future directions. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.446-457. Neubert, M.J. and Dyck, B., 2016. Developing sustainable management theory: goal-setting theory based in virtue. Management Decision, 54(2), pp.304-320. Schilke, O., 2014. On the contingent value of dynamic capabilities for competitive advantage: The nonlinear moderating effect of environmental dynamism. Strategic Management Journal, 35(2), pp.179-203. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. In Product Lifecycle Management (Volume 1) (pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing. Verbeke, A. and Tung, V., 2013. The future of stakeholder management theory: A temporal perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), pp.529-543. Villar, C., Alegre, J. and Pla-Barber, J., 2014. Exploring the role of knowledge management practices on exports: A dynamic capabilities view. International Business Review, 23(1), pp.38-44. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017. Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Youngran, S., Thai, V., Grewal, D. and Kim, Y., 2017. Do corporate sustainable management activities improve customer satisfaction, word of mouth intention and repurchase intention?: Empirical evidence from the shipping industry. International Journal of Logistics Management, 28(2), pp.555-570.

11th and 12th section review free essay sample

1.What was America’s first major industry? In what region of the nation did it center? Lowell, Massachusetts(Northeast). Textiles became America’s first major industry. 2.Name three of this era’s important inventors and their respective inventions. John Deere perfected the plow. Cyrus McCormick, in 1834, received a patent for a reaping machine, a horse-drawn device that allowed one man to cut and stack ten to twelve acres of grain in a single day. Samuel Colt made his mark on the firearms industry. He patented and manufactured a â€Å"six-shooter,† a pistol with a revolving cylinder which allowed a user to fire six times before reloading. 3.Why was the discovery of anthracite coal in western Pennsylvania important? American farm production grew at a tremendous rate. In 1789, farmers had generally eked out only enough to feed their own families. But by 1861, the United States was producing nearly $2 billion worth of agricultural products each year. We will write a custom essay sample on 11th and 12th section review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4.How did the invention of the cotton gin increase the differences between the South and the rest of the nation? The growth of the cotton kingdom, however, widened the gap between the South on the one hand and the North and the West on the other. Cotton growing, for one thing, revitalized slavery. In 1790, slavery had seemed an increasingly unprofitable and dying institution. With the advent of the cotton gin, however, many planters thought that slavery was necessary again. 1. Name two methods of surfacing roads in the nineteenth century. Corduroy roads and toll roads 2.What event marked the beginning of the canal era? The canal era began in 1817, when New York, at the urging of Governor DeWitt Clinton, began building a canal from Albany to Lake Erie. 3.What was America’s most important method of transportation by 1861? The clipper ship 4.What was the first economically successful railroad in America? Who designed its first steam engine? Baltimore Ohio (B O) Railroad and Peter Cooper 5.What system of carrying mail across the continent began in 1860? What invention put it out of business? Semaphore and Telegraph 1. What was the most controversial reform movement of the first half of the nineteenth century? Who was its most important leader? Without doubt the most controversial reform movement in the first half of the nineteenth  century was abolitionism, the movement to eliminate slavery and William Lloyd Garrison. 2. What were the two important trends in American education in the early 1800s? Two important trends developed in the reform of American education during this period: the growth of both public education and teacher education. Most schooling since colonial days had been a private affair. 3. What is the difference between temperance and Prohibition? Reformers eventually replaced their call for temperance, or moderate drinking, with a call for the outright prohibition, or banning, of the sale and consumption of alcohol. 4. How did utopian reformers differ from other reformers? Most reformers focused on a single major problem in society, such as prison reform or alcohol, and aimed at eliminating the problem throughout society. Utopian reformers, on the other hand, sought to establish small, perfect communities that would serve as models for the reform of society at large. (A utopia is an ideally perfect place. 5. Which authors defended romanticism’s idea that man is basically good? Which authors denied this idea? 6. How did the journalistic approach of the New York Sun differ from that of the New York Tribune? He Sun contained sensational accounts of murders, scandals, and other lurid events to appeal to the baser tastes of readers. The Tribune, edited by Horace Greeley, supported reform efforts and attempted to educate and uplift its readers. The two approaches proved equally successful, and both the Sun and the Tribune attracted readers even outside of New York. 1. Why did western Pennsylvania become an early center of American heavy industry? Guns and patents 2.How did reform movements affect the American public during the first half of the nineteenth century? More religion groups 3.During the Second Great Awakening, which were more emotional, the revivals in the East or the revivals in the West? In which region did the revivals center in the schools and churches? East and Northeast

Demonstrate how care is delivered to a specific individual in an acute in-patient setting The WritePass Journal

Demonstrate how care is delivered to a specific individual in an acute in-patient setting Introduction: Demonstrate how care is delivered to a specific individual in an acute in-patient setting Introduction:Ann’s psycho-biographyMain bodySocial factorBehavioural assessmentPhysiological assessmentBiological assessmentRisk AssessmentRelated Introduction: This piece of work will demonstrate how care is delivered to a specific individual in an acute in-patient setting. This involves a holistic assessment of an individual’ needs which will then be met by various professionals who meet those needs. To this end, my objective in the clinical placement is utilising a care study in order to show how therapeutic interventions were planned based on a holistic assessment. The pseudonym of ‘Ann’, ‘patient’ or ‘individual’ will be used during this care study to protect individuals’ identity. I will not divulge any personal information related to his identity according to NMC Code of Professional Conduct (pp.2 2008) which clearly defined assurances of anonymity and confidentiality. Furthermore, this work will explain how theoretical knowledge, local policies influences care delivery in practice, particularly when caring for Ann. Assessment is an ongoing process adapted to identify Ann’s needs and problems. It is the first stage of nursing process which is useful for my involvement and participation during the assessment of the Patient. The nursing process will present discussion on the assessment of tools used in partnership with a nurse, the patient and the multidisciplinary team. Implement the care plan, care co–ordination and review are the cornerstones of the Care Programme Approach (CPA). Adopting different approaches, this paper brings to light previously unexplored insights into the way nurses and others practitioners interact with Ann’s mental health problems. Drawing on Ann’s social interaction, this paper considers her bipolar disorder and associated problems. Other Information will be obtain in direct manner (observation, interviews) and throughout interpersonal care with a combination of therapeutic method focusing on Ann’s person-centred approach. Specifically, the paper focuses on aspects of role performance during Ann’s assessment and her contribution into the care plan. Information collected by many members of the healthcare team, such as her biography, therapeutic interventions and consultations. Ann’s psycho-biography Ann is a 79 year old white English lady who was born in Hackney. She came informally admit on this acute elderly admission ward to focus on her functional illness. Due to Ann’s confused presentation, a collateral history of her biography was from her son, who accompanied her to the hospital. He reported that his mother has never had any mental problems and that was her first contact with a mental health services. Tony’s stated her mum spoke fondly of her youth: â€Å"Mum never met her father but her mother describes her dad as a compulsive gambler with a terrible temper, alternating with expansive grandiosity†. Since Ann’s father died before she was born and her mother worked irregular hours as a Nurse. When her mother remarried Ann spent much of her childhood and adolescence with various father and went to many school. When Ann met her husband she was engaged in a comfortable and constructive relationship; she gained benefit from sharing goals with at least one person she trusted. She gave birth to Tony (who is now 49 years old). But her life became tragic when Ann (33 years old) lost her husband on in a car accident; Tony was only 3 years old. And this experience of her life left her to face the world with constant struggle and some financial difficulty. Ann never remarried, she also raised her son and she was working in accountancy for a business company in London. With regard to her social need and goal, Ann lives in a two bed room privately owned bungalow and they are no other family members or relatives. Her son stated that his mother was functioning well and was attending an elderly club, which she enjoyed. Tony was unable to identify any triggering factors or recent stressors that could explain his mum’s sudden illness. He became the main carer her mother who frequently finds it impossible to manage on his own. Tony felt unable to cope with his mother’s illness, stating that her sleep was disturbed. Her emotions were fluctuating and that she was becoming verbally aggressive, so he had taken her to the Accident and Emergency department. During a private life examination, Ann’s behaviour made her predisposed to sever depression. Ann was subsequently referred to psychiatric specialists on presentation of the following symptoms: elevated and irritable mood with feelings of decreased self-esteem. The primary care physicianà ¢â‚¬â„¢s diagnoses Ann with manic depression,  another name for bi-polar mood disorder.    Schultz, Videbeck (2009) defined this illness as â€Å"abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood† And Ann alternates between two states: a manic or high and a depressive or low. Information on Ann’s psychological historical analysis provided by her GP claimed that Tony’s statement is accurate. Ann’s has no previous mental illness. Main body Ann was encouraged to live her family and home for a long-stay inpatient admission of 4 months. The ‘echoes of hope’ come from a collection of perceptions (Basset and Stickley 2010).   Attempts have been designed to integrate method of systematic intervention during the nursing process (problem-solving). Leading to implement and evaluated Ann’s plan of care. The Health and Social Care Act (2008) place the needs, wishes and decisions of the person at the centre of assessment, planning and delivery of care. Under supervision of the nurse, I was reviewing Ann’s chart, hearing the report on her, and discussing with the others practitioners before meeting her. I truly believe that Normal and Ryrie (2009) definition of ‘relationship forming skills’ attract Ann’s motivation to engage in psychological treatment, including a therapeutic relationship. Everyone faces serious challenges, at some stage point in their lives. Nobody has ever cried with Ann before. Ann’s journey to recovery is determined by the recovery model as a new way to explore her bio-psychosocial needs (Barker, Buchanan 2009). The process of applying these fluid’s skills is carried out under an umbrella of assessment (REF James, pp37). An effective and valid assessment method was to monitor Ann through a detailed assessment to elucidate factors triggered her illness in the first place. Normal and Ryrie (pp130 2009) imposed initiating and promoting effective interpersonal communication involve nurses to employ cultural competencies and evidence-based clinical practice. The method of Ann’s informal assessment covered information collected data from objective (measurable and observable) and subjective (not measurable or observable) should be obtain from the patient’s behaviour.   Her assessment covers all aspects of interrelationships between the social, behavioural, physiological, biological factors of Ann’s health. So the nurse and I focus on the individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviour assumed to be Ann’s responses to her actual mental health problem. (Barker, pp.7:8 2009). The need of honesty for mental health nurses is crucial. The legal and ethical contexts operate patient’s autonomy and freedom. Nurses maybe engaged to decisions-making achieved a fair balance between protecting, controlling and treat a person with mental disorder (Department of Health, 2008). A holistic approach (means treating the whole aspect of care of a person). These present unique challenges for Ann’s diagnoses with bi-polar disorder (long-term illness). Her emotional problems may be vague, not visible like many physiological disruptions (Laidlaw et al.pp44 2003) Stages of treatment for Ann’s co-existing problems require drawing together a ‘stepped care’ approach on Ann’s mental health assessment (Baker, 2010). Ministry of Health (2010) highlights that individuals with co-existing problems have the right to high-quality, patient-focused and Integrated Solutions of care provides practical suggestions. The care programme approach (CPA) is the statutory framework within which bio-psychosocial needs assessment is carried out. ‘CPA’ was introduced in England for people with a mental illness, published by the Department of Health in 1990 and effective from 1991. This framework will be used throughout Ann’s stay to provide a smooth transition between in-patient services and discharge back to the community (Hall et al., 2008). Ann was invited to sit in a waiting room with Tony before attending the CPA meeting. Assessment tool â€Å"Your Treatment and Care† questionnaire was provided for her/son to complete and sign (APPENDIX). Than Ann was escorted into a private interviewing room where her CPA take place for the maintenance of her confidentiality, dignity and privacy. The powerful way to support change is to get people working together with Ann to make things happen. Valuing forms of therapeutic relationship between Ann and others mental health practitioners (constitute of a consultant, a psycho-geriatrician a physiotherapist and occupational therapist (O.T.) a dietician and a community psychiatric nurse).   The continuous process of change seeks a new multi-dimensional approach (team work in practice). Consequently, to empower Ann to lead her own recovery rather than being directed by professionals. Incorporating the recovery approach into the aspect of Ann’s intimate care. Encompassing and promoting social inclusion foster a positive vision for the future (Repper and Perkins pp.77 2010). Technique of therapeutic communication described by Piaget (Ref.) developed an approach â€Å"intellectual† of the interview. Under the Nurse’s supervision, I wanted some space; my key role is to encourage Ann to tell her story.   I began to empathy (one’s ability to enter in Ann’s world and to reflect this understanding to her as the person).   So reviewing her record before beginning the assessment prevents repeating questions that she has already been asked; Ann’s journey beyond silence began with ideas infused: Ann feels severely anxious (emotional state)   every time she is about to go out or when she is out (occurrence) from fear of being going on her own at her local community she felt like stupid and people looking and laughing at her (cognitive experience). In response she is avoiding going out and will also stop going outside in her own garden (responses). Tim (her son) works far from home and she is rarely seeing him. Other people’s presence outside or in her local community could have been issued as a major problem. This make Ann feeling upset, miserable  and isolated (response is unhelpful long term). At this point, Ann is a victim and not totally in controls of her life and feels the panic resulting from this realization -a very little confidence in her- (impact on self).   Her life has been restricted as a victim, she may flail about emotionally, verbally, or even physically as she experience this lack of control (impact on life). Rosenbluh (1981) point out to employ active element which reflect the understanding of Ann in a manner that generates warm, trust, and willingness to be open. The key to effective listening is accurately hearing the feeling and meaning the content of communication. Repeating key words or phrases that Ann used and I did not clearly understand. I focused attention on  a particular thought or feeling and encourages Ann to ventilate her feelings in ways that are non destructive and acceptable to her. My body language provides cues to conversation: I did not cross arms or point fingers. I was using unfinished statements (paraphrasing). There are possibilities of compulsory for Ann’s treatment, the elimination of her level of mental illness. In collaboration with Ann and the multi-disciplinary team identify priorities and develop appropriate plan of care. I started speaking in as structured, carefully chosen way (using non-confrontational approach). I made a psychosocial approach through her own conscious â€Å"social† conversations for the development of her personality. â€Å"Is anything happening at the moment that upsets you?† Ann’s statement â€Å"It was very noisy, I couldn’t sleep well†. Response -â€Å"You didn’t get a good night’s sleep. I tell Ann what she heard; it helps me to make sure it was what she meant. Ann says- â€Å"I’m worthless and isolated†, response- â€Å"You say that like you’re angry, isolated.† Ann states â€Å"I am usually treated by Robinson. He has been visited me several time and prescribed medications to cure my pain. He knows exactly what I want!† Doctor carried the interview to elicit information â€Å"Ann we have done some research and we have no heard from any Dr Robinson practicing in this hospital†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Social factor The study begins from observing Ann’s behaviour and interaction with her son and others team members. A collaborative approach must be central to all decisions making. My role during Ann’s evaluation was accepting the challenge that the nurse has to value the effectiveness of intervention. Attaining the best possible level of health to form partnership of care between Ann (who receive services) and with the nurse and I (to provide services) and to combat discrimination and stigma (Newell Gournay, 2009).   It was clear that I also have Ann’s consent for participation of the assessment of her needs. Consent form formalized by The Mental Capacity Act (2005) will assess whether the patient is mentally capable of making the decision, and the Mental Health Acts (1983 and amended in 2007) describe the very limited circumstances when a patient can be forced to be hospitalized for assessment and/or treatment against their wishes. Behavioural assessment Enhancing the engagement process (which more specific care is offered). A psychological treatment approach -as an umbrella term- it directly obtained through interviews, examination of Ann’s behaviour and her interactions with staffs, family and relatives (Brooking et al., pp.167 2000). Ann was presented with mood variation hence unpredictable. She was deeply sad and discouraged and likely to lose weight energy and have suicidal thoughts and feelings of self-reproach. Nurses must handle Ann’s feeling (as a victim). Rosenblush (years) closely described facts pertinent to her problem needed an ‘emotional first aid’ treatment. Many people who suffer like Ann from anxiety disorder feel ‘on edge, excitable or restless’. This indicates that one’s physical health can influence after the emotional behavioural, psychological responses of individual (FRUDE pp. 35 Years). Before, Ann was non concordant with her medication and a mood stabilizer should be given when she is agitated. Many of these treatments caused controversy and arguments around the proposed therapeutic rationale of these drugs effectiveness (Healy, 2009). Physiological assessment The nurse and I used the following information Ann’s level of functioning -the biochemical level- to promote Ann’s independence and sense of self irrespective to her illness (Barker, pp.10 2009). On Ann’s profile, her primary problem of manic depression is causing her disturbed sleep, as she always known it -subjective-self information- (Norman and Ryrie, pp.217 2009). Ann has a poor nutritional intake stated not eating well. A cognitive-behavioural approach is a short-term applied to focus on her eating disorders which affect a chain of thinking, feeling and actions (Baker, pp.281 2009). Ann also has phlebitis -inflammation of a vein, usually in a lower limb- (Tortora, pp.666 2009) (physical examination appendix.3). Her Mobility was assessed by the Physiotherapist for risks of falling. Biological assessment Ann was screened for potential biological causes of infection (objective-self data). Following the Doctor review, a urine sample was taken explaining sudden confusion, a full blood test and a Computed Tomography done prior to admission. Ann was hypertensive (high blood pressure). Johnstone, (2006) dominant psychiatric theory and practice in mental distress is best understood as medical illness upon a biomedical model. The doctor assessment included neurological assessment (appendix.5) on a MSE (Mental state examination score 22 out of 30). Newell, Gournay (2009) explain recent research on serious mood disorders demonstrated abnormalities of the neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Some areas of the brain are smaller in people with mood disorders. Risk Assessment Ann risk factors were associated with her mental illness that decreases her functionality and quality of life has making her self-neglected (lack of personal hygiene). In addition, a moving and handling risk assessment and infection risk screams to detect risk of deterioration in both her mental and physical state, and prior nutritional intake and sleep disturbances. Ann was allocated a named-nurse responsible for coordinating her care and implementing the CPA process. As soon as Ann’s problems are identified, nursing care begins by determining priorities, setting goals. The dynamic care plan (as legal documents, a copy of the care plan should be kept by Ann, the nurse or multidisciplinary notes) was also implemented. The evidence-based practice and intervention are now framed within a recovery-oriented approach. I contributed to a tool of recovery action plans of wellness to promote self-discovery (Hall et al. pp.146 2008). Ann’s short-term goal requires a home visit planned (within four days) for her functional assessment to discharge planning. Organization of Ann’s home based on Roper’s Activity of Daily Living (Appendix) On the journey to her home Ann was able to identify local landmarks and roads. Ann was orientated to her bungalow, she manoeuvre safely around the property. She demonstrated good bed mobility she was independently able to complete bed transfer. However risk of falling in the shower room. Ann was referring to social worker for care package. Emergency access will be arranged to allow carers to visit her (soon being discharged); assisting her personal care, medication administration and meal preparation. Refer to day centre to maintain social skills and engage in leisure activities. Ann started going out with previous relatives at the local community just for the day. Conclusion My involvement and participation during Ann’s assessment presented discussion likely to favour more informal methods when studying Ann psychosocial needs.   Ann’s progress was record to demonstrate her journey within this acute unit. CPA forms reset out as care plans for Ann’s mental health problems and complex needs. The relationship between care plans and quality of care could be challenged on the basis that time spent writing the care plan can take away time spent with Ann.   Care plans are often done for the patient rather than with the patient. The concept of recovery in mental health is often influenced more by specific human values and beliefs, than scientific research and evidence. After her interview, when I asked her how the interview had been for her, she told me that she had expected to be crucified and had been pleasantly surprised to find that I wasn’t. I could not judge use logic or give advice as Ann’s feelings must be legitimize. If someone says something that is manifestly untrue then the person should be encouraged to see the error of their ways. But if this were true what would be the point of challenging delusions.

Principal and Vice Principals Leadership Styles Research Paper

Principal and Vice Principals Leadership Styles - Research Paper Example Educational management can be described through the management and leadership theories. Bush (2003) identified various models that describe the two main theories. The management theory can be classified into six models that include; formal, collegial, political, subjective, uncertainty, and cultural models. The six models that describe leadership theories in education management include; the moral model, contingency leadership, transactional and managerial leadership, the post-modern as well as participative leadership styles. The formal models describe a hierarchical arrangement in the management structure. In this model, the school heads treat the institution as a system where bureaucracy is maintained (Bush, 2002). There is a system of instruction which is usually top-down while reporting must follow the various ranks to the top. This model is evident in Matador High School. The principal is the overall head and the vice principal reports to him. The vice principal acts as a middl e-level manager in contemporary organizations, supervising the teaching staff, but he too has some lessons that he teaches. All teachers are accountable to the principle and have performance targets that are set for the accomplishment of the overall goal of the school. The formal management structure is matched with the managerial leadership of the principal. This is a leadership style where managers are focused on their purpose in helping the organization to accomplish their objectives. They ensure that all processes are accomplished according to plan and that every person is in the designated place at the right time (Cheng, 2002). Leadership in Matador was top down with the teachers being expected to behave and accomplish tasks according to the laid out procedures in the school.  Ã‚  

Asian Indians Community of US Personal Statement

Asian Indians Community of US - Personal Statement Example Then, there are other Hindu important festivals Holi, Durga Pooja, Ganesh Chathuri which I celebrate with the rest of Hindu community while Christmas, Id, Easter, Hanukkah etc with the global community that resides in United States. But it is difficult at times, when we face discrimination at work place or called with funny names for our complexion, accent etc. However, these discriminatory acts were rare before 9/11 and even after the terrorist attacks on Twin Towers; we haven't been victim of any serious racism or prejudice compared to what our fore parents encountered when they moved first to the United States in early 1900s. The history of my community, Asian Indians, goes back to early 20th century when the first group of Indians from the province of Punjab arrived in America and worked as millers and farmers in California and Washington. They were mainly "Sikhs"-followers of Sikhism, a religion originated by Guru Nanak. They faced much difficulties and racist attacks because of their illiteracy and poor English-speaking skills. Associations such as Asiatic Exclusion League made serious efforts to prevent further immigration and property ownership of Indians.( Vinay Lal, 1999) The Sikhs were followed by large number of Indian students who demanded Indian independence overtly. They even formed their own political party to promote and forward their political ideas and demand for Independence. However, America who was strong and old ally of British, saw it as conspiracy of the Germany to overrule the British power in India-a colony within the British Empire. Thus organized attacks were made on these Indian students and successful prosecution of Indians took place. To add to the woes of Indian community, in 1923 the Supreme Court of United States ruled that Indians were ineligible for citizenship of the United States and that citizenship was only reserved for "whites" with European origins. They were also subjected to the Alien Land Law which prevented them from owning and leasing land and forced them to transfer their lands to the white Americans. As a result, the number of Indians sharply dropped from 10,000 in 1914 to 1,476 in 1940 in California alone.(Vinay Lal, 1999) But different Indian organization in America continued to fight for their rights to immigration and naturalization. By 1946, President Truman returned the right to immigrate and naturalize through Luce-Celler Act 1946. ("Indian American") After that, Indians actively participated in politics fighting for the end of British power in India. The most prominent among these politicians was Dalip Singh Saund who was also elected for US House of Representatives from California in 1956 and was also reelected for a 2nd and 3rd term. ("Indian American") Soon the number of Asian Indians grew well above 175000 (1975) and they demanded for minority status within American population. The Census Bureau declared them as a new category of minority group known as "Asian Indians". However, the conditions and performance of the existing Indian community wasn't impressive, to say the least. Unemployment and poverty was prevalent with most Indian employed for odd jobs as taxi drivers, gas-stations workers